Cali, Expanded City-Region: A Metropolitan Territory
The analytical approaches to studying the region are diverse and evolve as research products appear, as a result of modern systems for collecting, processing and integrating information from the various disciplines. Studies based on political and administrative boundaries, very common in the nineteenth century, move towards the positivist approaches of the twentieth century based on the distribution and organization of demographic and economic factors. Afterwards, the population and its social conditions in terms of infrastructure, economic level and social status are the main object of studies on the regions. The conceptualization of these approaches to study the region enters into crisis with the most recent trends of globalization on industrial and urban geographies (Veltz, 1996; 2008), more visible since the eighties in the last century. The city expands until it overflows into areas without political administrative jurisdiction, giving rise to an urban-rural territorial continuum due to population flows seeking residence, employment, or flows of goods and services. In addition, new territorial identities are built because of ethnic-racial and cultural diversity, and companies are offered new territories to relocate in the midst of this territorial continuum. The rural space is transformed into a new structure and dynamic of economic, social and urban occupation, without necessarily disappearing territories of peasant character in the margins of the region, though they are more articulated to the urban dynamics of the region.
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AutorAna García BerugaIdentificadores:
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INDEX
FOREWORD
Juber Galeano, Fernando Urrea-Giraldo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Juber Galeano Loaiza, Fernando Urrea-Giraldo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
The Region of Study: Municipalities of Northern Cauca and Southern Valle del Cauca . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Characterization of the municipalities of Cali, Expanded City Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Cities System-DNP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Rural Mission-DNP and Configuration of Rural-Urban Territories . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Socio-geographic Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Ethnic-Racial Diversity of the Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Spatial Dynamics and Urban-Rural Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Brief Historical Overview of the Constitution of the Region up to the Present Day. . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
One Region from Southern Valle to Northern Cauca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Evolution of GDP and the Manufacturing Sector in the Region Studied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
The Effect of Free-Trade Zones on Socio-Spatial Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
A Synthesis of What the Expanded City-Region Means . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Methodological Approach and Databases Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Organization of the Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
CHAPTER 2
TERRITORIAL OCCUPATION PATTERNS AND ORDERING MODELS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE REGION
Juber Galeano Loaiza,Cesar Augusto Londoño. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Dynamics and Forces That Guide the Urban Sprawl: Territorial Expansion and Transformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Explanation of the dynamics of the urban territorial sprawl of the region of study: the first period from the foundation and implementation of the populated centers to 1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Explanation of the dynamics of the sprawl in the second period 1964-1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Explanation of the dynamics of the stain in the third period 1993-2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Evolution of the Spatial Pattern of the Sprawl of the Productive Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Evolution of the Sprawl of the Residential Network in the Periphery of the Cities That Constitute the Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
Territorial Planning and the Construction of a Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Public Policy Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . 101
Articulating housing plans to the regional urban reality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Mobility planning on a regional scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
Implementation of associative schemes between municipalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
CHAPTER 3
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CALI, EXPANDED CITY REGION: MUNICIPALITIES OF NORTHERN CAUCA-SOUTHERN VALLE DEL CAUCA
Fernando Urrea-Giraldo, Rosa Emilia Bermúdez Rico,Andrés Felipe Candelo Álvarez. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Population Dynamics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Sociodemographic Indicators: Inter-Census Period 1993-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Internal Migration according to the 2005 Census. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Some Conceptual Aspects Regarding Migration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Lifetime or Permanent Migration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
INDEX
Recent Migration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Causes of Recent Migration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Living Conditions and Population Mobility: The Relationship between Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN) by Ethnic-Racial Group and Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
CHAPTER 4
PRODUCTION COMPONENT: ECONOMIC STRUCTURE
Elizabeth Aponte Jaramillo, Paula A. Garizado Roman, Javier Andrés Castro Heredia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Some Features of the Department’s GDP. . . . . . . . 133
From the Department of Valle del Cauca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
From the Department of Cauca. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Economic Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Stage 1: Definition of the methodology for the
estimation of sectoral municipal GDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143
Stage 2: Disaggregation of Economic Sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144
Stage 3: Selection of leading variables (proxy) and their sources of information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145
Stage 4: Sectoral Municipal GDP Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146
Stage 5: Agglomeration Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146
Sectoral Municipal GDP Estimation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Sectoral Municipal GDP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Agriculture and Livestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152
Manufacturing Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
Social Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Economic Agglomeration Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154
Business Analysis Cali City-Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Spatial Analysis of Cali, Expanded City-Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162
Manufacturing Industry with Agriculture and Livestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162
Interconnection and Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164
Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
CHAPTER 5
COMMUTING AND IMBALANCES IN THE LABOR MARKET IN CALI, EXPANDED CITY REGION
Alexander Banguera Obregón, Jhon James Mora, Carlos Augusto Viáfara López . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171
Interactions in the Labor Market in Cali, Expanded City Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Labor Commuting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Labor-related Migrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Labor Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Youth Who Are Neither in Employment nor in
Education (NEET) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
NEET Population Composition 199
NEET Population according to Ethnic-Racial Condition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Cali and Its Work Environment: The Effects of Labor Informality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Labor Informality in the Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Spatial Analysis of Labor Informality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Conclusions and Policy Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Policy Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
CHAPTER 6
ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL-ELECTORAL HETEROGENEITY OF THE URBAN AGGLOMERATION OF SANTIAGO DE CALI
Juan Pablo Milanese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Basic Conceptual Remarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Fragmentation as an Analytical Variable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222
Fragmentation into uninominal districts (mayors, governors, and presidents) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224
Fragmentation into Multi-member Districts (Councils, Assemblies, House, and Senate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Nationalization Meant as Regionalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Analysis of Regionalization Levels.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236
Final Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238
CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSIONS AND PUBLIC POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
Juber Galeano Loaiza, Fernando Urrea-Giraldo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241
Main components of regional intervention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Regional Political Dimension. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247
Short-term Policy Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
ANNEXES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
ABOUT THE AUTHORS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
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